還記得上周的介系詞 Part 1 嗎?小編今天要送上大家敲碗好久的 Part 2 囉!
Part 1 介紹了用來表示 地方 / 方向 的介系詞,這回要繼續來看 時間 / 方法 / 原因 / 具有與缺乏 的介系詞用法!
(4) 表示「時間」的介系詞
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At + ...點...分,表達確切時間點 at noon 在中午 / at night 在晚上 / at midnight 在午夜 Example: 1. My first class begins at 8:10. 我的第一堂課在八點十分開始。 2. When my dad gets home late, my mom always keeps a light on at night for him. 當爸爸晚歸時,媽媽總會為他留一盞燈。 |
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On + 日期,表達特定日子 On + 星期...的早上、中午、晚上 Example: 1. Sun Yat-sen, usually known as "Father of the Nation", was born on 12 November 1866 . 國父孫中山先生誕生於1866 年11 月12 日。 2. I usually go to church on Sunday morning. 我通常周日早上會上教會做禮拜。 Note:on + the morning / afternoon / evening of 日期,表達特定日子的早上、中午、晚上 Example: Let's have dinner together on the evening of 23 January to celebrate Mom's birthday. 我們一月二十三日晚上一起吃飯慶祝媽媽的生日吧! |
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In + 季節 (spring / summer / autumn / winter) In + 年份 (1995 / 2020)、月份 (January / December) In + the 早上、下午、晚上 (morning / afternoon / evening) Note:記憶小撇步 因為morning / afternoon / evening 相較於 noon/ midnight 表達較長的時間段,所以用In 而不用 At Example: 1. Japan is famous for its cherry blossom in spring. 日本的春櫻遠近馳名。 2. Back in 2000, there were lots of prophecies about doomsday around the world. 西元2000當年,全世界流傳著許多末日預言。 3. William usually drinks a cup of coffee in the morning before going to work. William 早上上班前通常會喝一杯咖啡。 |
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Before,在...之前 After,在...之後 Example: 1. Please wash hands before meal. 飯前洗手。 2. I always brush my teeth after meals. 我習慣飯後刷牙。 |
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From...to,從某個時間到某個時間 Example: The bank is open from Monday to Friday. 銀行從星期一到星期五開門營業。 |
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Around,大約某個時間 Example: My brother will come home around Christmas. 我哥哥將在耶誕節前後回家。 |
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Through,表示從某個時間開始至結束 Example: We stay in the country through summer. 我們整個夏天都待在鄉下。 |
(5) 表示「方法」的介系詞
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By + 交通工具 (car / train / bus / bicycle) Example: We travel to London by plane. 我們搭飛機去倫敦。 |
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By + 名詞,表示方法 Example: 1. The delicate shoes are made by hand. 這雙精巧的鞋子是手工製作的。 2. Some of the imported products in Costco are shipped by sea. 好示多裡一些進口商品來自於海運。 3. You can reach Peter by phone. 你可以透過電話聯繫到彼得。 Note:介系詞+hand at hand 即將到來的、手邊的 (表達時間靠近、位置鄰近) Example: 1. The project deadline is at hand. 報告截止日期快到了。 2. The entrepreneur has lots of cash at hand ready for business. 那位企業家手裡握有許多現金準備交易。 on hand 待完成的、手頭上的 Example: With the final quarter approaching, the secretary are even busier with lots of work on hand. 隨著最後一個季度逼近,秘書更加忙於手邊許多未完的工作。 in hand 手上正在進行的、掌握住的 Example: 1. Tina was absent-minded on class because she had tons of projects to finish. Tina 上課時不專心,因為她手上有太多報告要完成。 2. The police have got crucial evidence in hand to prove the suspect's guilt. 警方已經獲得證實嫌疑犯罪刑的關鍵證據。 |
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By + V-ing,表示「藉由」 Note:make one's living by V-ing 以...維生 Example: The little girl makes her living by selling matches. 小女孩靠賣火柴維生。 |
(6) 表示「原因」的介系詞
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For,表示感謝、道歉、以...聞名 Example: 1. We are thankful to our parents for the love and care from childhood. 我們感謝父母的養育之恩。 2. The restaurant manager held a press conference to apologize for the food poisoning incident yesterday. 餐廳經理召開記者會為昨天的食物中毒事件道歉。 3. India is famous for its street food. 印度因街頭小食而聞名 |
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With,表示因寒冷、害怕等原因而發抖 Example: The dog trembles with fear. 這隻狗因恐懼而發抖。 |
(7) 表示「具有 / 缺乏」的介系詞
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With,表示具有、帶有 Example: She reads this novel with interest. 她饒有興味地讀著這本小說。 |
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Without,表示沒有、缺乏 Example: Taiwanese can't enter India without visa. 台灣人沒有簽證不能進入印度。 |
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For + V-ing,表達目的 Example: Tommy go to the convenience store for buying milk. Tommy 去便利商店買牛奶。 |
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Instead of,而不是 Example: It's getting cold outside. Let's order in instead of dinning out. 外面愈來愈冷了,我們別出門吃飯了,還是打電話叫外送吧! |
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According to,根據 Example: According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. 根據氣象預報,明天會下雨。 |
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Inspite of / Despite,儘管 Example: In spite of the rain, we still enjoyed the concert. 儘管下雨,我們還是很享受這場音樂會。 |
小小介系詞可有著大學問呢!上述所列的介系詞只是大致上的分類,下回還要再揭曉更多例外用法,記得持續追蹤收穫最新介系詞學習資源喔
最後,回答一開始的問題: Preposition 這個字如何說明介系詞在句子中的位置及功能呢?
Pre-字根表示 前、先 的意思,所以英文的介系詞在句子中通常放在受詞前, 用以表達受詞和句子中其他字詞的關係。這樣大家都學會了嗎?
