總是搞不定假設語氣?不知道要用If I have還是If I had來表達事後懊悔
今天就用一首歌的時間帶你解析所有條件子句的用法！
(1) 表達未來可能發生的事 (真實條件句)
這是一般大家最常使用的句型，日常對話中常常聽到的「假設未來如何...」就是真實條件句！
記憶方式：動詞時態往前推，也就是「用現在式時態表達未來可能發生的事情」
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If+S+am/are/is/V(s/es)+未來時間, S+will/can/may+Vrt(原型動詞) (條件附屬子句) (主要子句) Example： 1. If the students are coming later, please prepare some snack for them. 2. If you want to learn English faster, you can get a pen pal from the U.S.A. |
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所以上面的句子也可以改寫為 1. Please prepare some snack for the students if they are coming. 2. You can get a pen pal from the U.S.A if you want to learn English faster. |
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Example：
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If+S+V(s/es)..., 祈使句 可以加上： 肯定祈使句please + Vrt +... 否定祈使句please + don’t/never + Vrt Example： 1. If you have any question, please ask me. 2. If you need any assistance, please don't hesitate to ask for help. |
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If+S+V(s/es)..., S+V(s/es) 表示不變的真理，通常用來描述自然現象或不可改變的事實 Example： If we put oil on the water, it floats. |
(2) 表達跟現在事實相反的假設語氣 (吹牛)
可以簡單記憶為有人在「吹牛」，常見的If I were you...(如果我是你，我就...)就是這種句型的經典考題。
記憶方式：動詞時態往前推，也就是「用過去式時態表達與現在事實相反的情境」
| 肯定 | If+S+were/Ved..., S+would/could/should/might+Vrt
Example： 1. If I were her, I would ask my boss for a promotion. 2. If I had her phone number, I would try to call her right now. |
| 否定 |
If + S + weren’t…, S + wouldn’t/couldn’t/shouldn’t/might not + Vrt
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| If + S + didn't + Vrt, S + wouldn't/couldn't/shouldn't/might not + Vrt |
| 混合 |
If + S + Vpt, S + wouldn’t/couldn’t/shouldn’t/might not + Vrt Example： If Lisa got enough exercise, she wouldn’t gain weight. |
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If + S + didn’t + Vrt, S + would/could/should/might + Vrt Example： If the food in that restaurant didn’t taste terrible, I would eat there often. |
(3) 表達跟過去事實相反的假設語氣 (吹牛)
與現在事實相反的假設語氣相同，都可以簡單記憶為有人在「吹牛」。
(小編OS：「好漢不提當年勇」就是這個文法的心情寫照
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記憶方式：動詞時態往前推，也就是「用過去完成式時態表達與過去事實相反的情境」
| 肯定 | If + S + had + Vpp, S + would/could/should/might + have + Vpp
Example： If I had known what happened, I would have told you yesterday. |
| 否定 |
If + S + had not + Vpp, S + wouldn’t/couldn’t/shouldn’t/might not + have Vpp
Example： If she hadn’t overslept, she wouldn’t have been late for work. |
| 混合 |
If + S + had not + Vpp, S + would/could/should/might + have Vpp |
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If + S + had Vpp, S + wouldn’t/couldn’t/shouldn’t/might not + have Vpp |
(4) 表達跟未來事實相反的假設語氣
乍聽之下好像覺得有點奇怪，未來的事情還沒發生，又要如何假設「與未來事實相反的假設語氣」呢？
其實這個文法是用來表示極端不可能發生的狀況，包括
1. 違反自然法則的情境 (例如：太陽從西邊出來)
2. 違反人類常態的情境 (例如：人重新出生)
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If + S + were to + Vrt, S + would/could/should/might + Vrt Example： If the sun were to rise in the west tomorrow, I would marry you. |
(5) 表達「萬一...」假設語氣
「萬一台北下雪了，馬拉松還會照常舉行嗎？」
與上一則文法重點不同，「萬一...」假設語氣句型表示發生機率不高，但有可能發生的狀況！
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If + S + should + Vrt, S + would/could/should/might + Vrt (機率小) If + S + should + Vrt, S + will/may/shall+ Vrt (機率大) If + S + should + Vrt, 祈使句 Example： If you should fall into this lake, you will be drowned. 萬⼀你掉到這個湖了，你鐵定會淹死。 |
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Should + S + Vrt, S + would/could/should/might + Vrt 省略If ，改以Should 開頭 後方所接的句子多為直述句，以句號結束；除非主要子句為問句，才會以問號作結。 Example： Should your son get sick tomorrow, what would you do? 萬一你的兒子明天生病的話，你會怎麼辦? |
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